These categories are of necessity overlapping. Children have very different experiences of learning to read. Their ‘reading age’ may be far above or below their emotional maturity. I’ve divided them up the way you’d be most likely to see them divided in a bookshop or library. Publishers would break these categories into lots of subcategories.
Picture Books
• Some are suitable for children to read alone
• Most designed for an adult and child to share
• Importance of illustration and design; most of the best
picture books are co-authored by a writer and illustrator who work closely
together
• Many have rhyming texts with plenty of repetition
• There is often a playful use of language which might seem
difficult for children to comprehend word for word
• The pictures can usually tell the story by themselves – or
expand on the text
• Generally only a few sentences per page; some are wordless
• May contain difficult ideas which adults need to discuss
or present to young children, e.g. death, new sibling, potty-training, bullying
• Not necessarily a ‘story’; could be a nonsense rhyme,
descriptive or simply words.
Early Readers
• Approx 6 up
• Designed for children beginning to read on their own
• Sentences are very simple, with just one idea per sentence
• In these books the text carries the story rather than the
pictures
• Many books in this range form part of a series
• At the younger end, these books have 100 to 2,500 words
and each page will have a picture.
• Progresses to books of 3,000 to 15,000 words, divided into
short chapters with a picture on most spreads
Middle Grade
• Age 8 to 12
• Word count generally no more than 45,000 words, though
fantasy titles may be much longer
• These are the books that are most likely to spring to mind
when you think of children’s books
• Generally plot- rather than character-led
• Unusual to have a first-person narrator
• The language varies more than in books for younger
readers, but is likely to be simpler in structure and vocabulary than a young
adult book
• Feature adventures, comedy, fun
• Unlikely to contain romance, swearing, drugs
• Many of these books feature a child protagonist, but you
also find books about adults or animals
• Parents are often absent in these books
• Endings are usually happy
• May feature a series of adventures of a character, so that
each chapter is a short story in itself and the book has no overall narrative
arc
Young Adult
• Age 12 and up
• Word count generally no more than 70,000 words, but some
genres can be much longer
• Tend to focus more on characters and their problems
• Tend to have deeper points of view (often first person)
and be more emotional
• May contain material which is considered unsuitable for
younger children (drugs, sex) or wouldn’t interest them (romance) or is
upsetting
• The language in these books will be as complex as that of
an adult novel
• These novels almost exclusively feature a teenage
protagonist
